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					Other Heavy Industries Although now thought of as an ex-nut & 
					bolt town, there were many other industries, some becoming 
					household names. One of Darlaston’s leading engineering 
					firms, employing over 1,000 people, was Wilkins and Mitchell 
					Limited, who became a well-known power press manufacturer. 
					Their presses were exported throughout the world, and many 
					are still in use today. The business was founded in 1904 by two 
					friends, Walter Wilkins and Tom Mitchell who rented a small 
					factory in Bell Street, called Phoenix Works, from nut and 
					bolt maker Charles Richards. They began making all kinds of 
					machines including drilling machines, bolt heading machines, 
					and milling machines. In 1907 they built their first power 
					press, a hydraulically operated blanking press for Rubery 
					Owen, and four years later built their largest press to 
					date, a massive forming press, also for Rubery Owen. This 
					press revolutionised vehicle production in the UK because it 
					cold-pressed vehicle chassis frames, making mass production 
					possible in this country. Because the machine was so successful, 
					others followed, and the company produced large numbers of 
					power presses, some of immense size. In 1910 the company 
					moved to Darlaston Green Works, and renamed it Pheonix Works 
					after their former factory. By 1914 the firm employed 
					between 60 and 70 people and continued to produce a wide 
					range of machinery, some of which was especially designed 
					for railway wagon and carriage companies |  
					
						|  | In his home at The Hollies, on the side 
					of Church Hill, Wednesbury, Walter Wilkins had a small experimental workshop 
					where he could work on new ideas and designs. In about 1926 
					he began thinking about building washing machines, and in 
					1929 founded Servis Limited in order to manufacture them. 
					Servis washing machines were a great success, and like the 
					power presses were sold at home and abroad. Presses from 100 tons to 6,000 tons 
					were built at the Darlaston factory, and a modern London 
					office opened in Park Lane, where a display of Servis 
					washing machines could be seen. The premises also housed the 
					power press export section. The overseas market was 
					extremely important to the company. By the early 1950s space was in short 
					supply at Phoenix Works and so a second factory was opened 
					in Darlaston Road, King’s Hill to produce washing machine 
					components. A few years later a large piece of land was 
					purchased at King’s Hill next to the existing factory, to 
					extend the factory, build a new office block, and 
					concentrate washing machine production on the site. A little 
					later another successful product, the Servis ‘Super Twin’ 
					was launched. |  
					
						| Extensions were added to the power 
					press factory, and single, and double action presses were 
					produced for a wide range of industries, including the motor 
					industry, the forging industry, the aircraft industry, and 
					the domestic appliance industry.  By the 1960s thousands of Servis washing machines were made each week, and a 
					subsidiary company called Wilkins Servis was set up to 
					manufacture washing machines in Australia. In 1982 the UK manufacturing group, 
					Verson International, acquired Wilkins and Mitchell, and 
					sales continued to grow. The group built a new, larger 
					factory on a 15 acre site in Willenhall Road, formerly 
					occupied by Wellman Cranes. The new factory costing £6 
					million opened on 28th November, 1990 and the company’s name 
					was changed to Verson Wilkins. By this time the company had 
					come to rely on orders from UK vehicle manufacturers, but 
					with that industry in decline, orders fell, and the 
					Darlaston workforce was greatly reduced. Due to still 
					declining orders, the factory closed on 2nd April, 1999, with 
					the loss of 64 jobs. The Servis factory survived until 
					October 2008, but has since been demolished. | 
						 A hot forging machine.
 |  
				 
					
						| Garringtons Another of Darlaston's once-important 
					factories was Garringtons, based at Albert Works in 
					Willenhall Road. The large forging works was once a local 
					landmark, with a large workforce. The firm was founded by 
					John Garrington who started a small stamping business at 
					Phoenix Works, Catherine's Cross, in 1830, to produce forged 
					components for the gun trade. By 1851 he also produced nuts 
					& bolts and bed screws. In 1912 Albert Works was acquired by 
					nut and bolt manufacturer F.W. Cotterill, and seven years 
					later became part of G.K.N. In the late 1930s the factory 
					was greatly extended, and drop forgings were produced for 
					aircraft, ships, locomotives, railway construction, 
					vehicles, and machine tools. Garringtons also specialised in 
					heat treatment. In the 1940s over 100,000 tons of forgings 
					were produced annually on the site.  In 1946 Garringtons acquired Deritend 
					Stamping Limited of Newton Works, Bromsgrove, and also 
					specialised in a wide range of hand tools. The factory 
					closed in the recession during the 1980s. Rubery 
					Owen Another once-well known manufacturer 
					was Rubery Owen based at Victoria Ironworks in Booth Street, 
					established in 1884 by John Tunner Rubery and his two 
					brothers. Nine years later the two brothers left, and John 
					was joined by Alfred Ernest Owen, an engineer from Wrexham. 
					In 1903 the firm became Rubery, Owen & Company and greatly 
					expanded the product range to produce structural steelwork, 
					motor car and aircraft components, pressings and 
					fabrications, agricultural products, propane gas cylinders, 
					and nuts and bolts. In 1910 John Tunner Rubery resigned 
					from the partnership, and by 1912 the works had been divided 
					into five departments: Aviation, Engineering, Fencing, Motor 
					Frames, and Roofing. On April 14th, 1920 the firm became 
					Rubery, Owen & Company Limited, and a Metal Aircraft 
					Department, and a Structural Department were formed.  Expansion continued with the opening of 
					the Armour Plate Department, the purchase of Easiclene 
					Porcelain-Enamel (1938) Limited, the formation of the 
					Airframe Department, and the purchase of a hydraulics 
					company in Warrington, that became known as Rubery Owen 
					Conveyancer Limited. The company’s many products included 
					pressings, fabrications, general aircraft components, 
					precision assemblies for aircraft, gas cylinders, nuts, 
					bolts, studs, and motor vehicle components, such as chassis, 
					axles, wheels, fuel tanks, and discs. Steel structures were 
					designed and made for all types of single and multi-storey 
					buildings, and the company's Structural Department was 
					responsible for a number of well-known buildings including 
					the London Passenger Transport Offices at Westminster, the 
					Palace Court Hotel, Bournemouth, Rootes Securities building, 
					Speke aircraft factory, and the Castle Bromwich aircraft 
					works. Local structures include the steel frame for 
					Wolverhampton's Civic Hall, the old South Bank Stand at 
					Molineux football ground, and Birmingham Tramways and 
					Omnibus Department's bus garage. The company also produced 
					pre-fabricated houses for local authorities.      Rubery Owen became one of the major 
					employers in the area, employing around 14,000 people by the 
					1960s. Unfortunately things started to go wrong during the 
					recession in the late 1970s. In June 1979 the company shed 
					400 employees at Darlaston, and 950 more in 1981. Sadly 
					things didn’t improve, and the Darlaston factory closed in 
					the same year. |   An advert from 1931.
 
					
						| E. C. & 
					J. Keay Limited Another well known company, E. C. & J. 
					Keay Limited was founded in 1879 at New Street, Birmingham. 
					They were builders and ironmongers. In 1884 they moved to 
					Cyclops Works, West Bromwich and began to manufacture 
					fencing, fittings, and steel fabrications. In 1887 the company moved to "Bridge 
					Yard", James Bridge where they produced many products and 
					specialised in structural steelwork for all types of 
					buildings, such as schools, hospitals, factories, offices, 
					and warehouses. They also built bridges, hoppers, bunkers, 
					riveted platework, welded fabrications, and railway 
					signalling equipment. In 1957 they became part of the Hingley 
					Group and were absorbed into F.H. Lloyds in 1960. Sadly they 
					were another victim of the 1980s’ recession. The F.H. Lloyd 
					group collapsed in 1982. |   An advert from 1963.
 
				
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					Samuel Platt LimitedSamuel Platt Limited was based at Kings Hill Foundry, and 
					produced a wide range of products including machinery for 
					tube making, machines for nut and bolt making, drop hammers, stripping 
					presses, reeling and straightening machines, stamping 
					machines, and drop hammers. Other products included lathe 
					chucks, pulleys, mill gearing, shafting, shaft fittings, and 
					pressings. |  
 
				
					
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