| The Early Years 
					Alfred Owen was passionate about anything mechanical, and 
					always kept an eye open for new possibilities and products, 
					especially items that were not produced in any quantity 
					elsewhere. In the late years of the nineteenth century, a 
					revolution in transport in the form of the motor car was 
					just starting.  | 
				 
			 
			
				
					
						| Within a few years the early prototypes had evolved 
				into useable and reliable machines. As more manufacturers 
				appeared, it became certain that the new form of transport would 
				soon dominate the roads. Alfred Owen realised what the future 
						had in store, and decided that the firm should get 
						involved in the transport revolution as a parts supplier 
						to the many up and coming vehicle builders. In the 
						factory yard he made a prototype chassis framework from 
						rolled channel and tubing, which greatly interested the 
						growing motor trade. 
						The vehicle chassis began to sell, 
						and the list of customers grew. Alfred could often be 
						seen at the bench, with sleeves rolled-up, helping to 
						put the finishing touches to urgently needed frame 
						assemblies. He was delighted with the idea that his Darlaston-made chassis would be 
				travelling up and down the country in all kinds of vehicles. 
						He was an early motorist himself, and was the first man 
						to drive a car into Aberdovey, 
				North Wales. 
						Other than the early factory building and the partly 
						covered yard, there was a small two-roomed office where 
						the partners did their clerical work.  | 
						
						 
						  
						Alfred Ernest Owen. (1869 to 1929)  | 
					 
				 
			 
			
				
					
						
				  
						Mr. A. E. Owen (left) and Mr, J. 
						T. Rubery in 1899. From the April 1947 edition of the 
				staff magazine "Goodwill". | 
						They were assisted 
				in the office by three employees. The first, Charles Guy, the 
				firm’s draughtsman, also produced the technical specifications. 
				The second, John Jeavons, the cashier, also helped with the 
				bookwork and general routine. The third member of the office 
				staff, young George Buckley, was an eager office junior. At 
						the side of the factory was a large pool, said to be at 
						least twenty five feet deep. It occasionally rose 
				and fell as if it had a tidal system of its own. The extent of 
				rising and falling was registered by an upright piece of 
				tee-iron at the water's edge, with markers at every foot. In 
				warm weather some of the employees would cool-off by taking a 
				swim. There were many fish including perch, two fine preserved 
				specimens of which, could be seen for many years in one of the 
				firm’s offices in Booth Street.  | 
					 
				 
			 
			
				
					
						| 
				 Hard factory work, particularly in the 
				summer, would bring-on a great thirst, so workers often flocked 
				to one of the many public houses in the area. Sometimes workers 
				would be late returning from their lunch break, so someone had 
				to be sent out from the factory to order them back to work. 
				This task was occasionally performed by Alfred Owen himself, who on 
				discovering the culprits, simply took out his watch, and gave 
				them a time limit to empty their tankards and get back to work. 
				The factory had its own guard dog in the 
				form of Leo, Mr. Rubery’s mastiff. In work hours it resided in a 
				large cage by the factory entrance, but at night it lay in a 
				sheltered spot in the yard, ready to pounce at the faintest 
				sound. 
				In 1899,
				
				Rubery and Co. were awarded a Gold Medal at the 
				Richmond Exhibition for a chassis frame assembled from rolled 
				sections and solid round steel bars.  
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						| On 27th June, 1900, Alfred Owen married 
				Miss Florence Lucy Beech, and they moved into their first home at 
				Bescot. In August the employees celebrated the event with a 
				Saturday trip to Codsall Wood, travelling the eight or so miles 
				on horse-brakes. The celebration, including dinner, was held in 
				a large tent. Mr. Rubery toasted the newlyweds, and the 
				afternoon was spent in a series of games and races organised by 
				the more athletic members of the party.  | 
						
				  
						Mr. & Mrs. Alfred Owen. From the 
						summer 1954 edition of the staff magazine "Goodwill". | 
					 
				 
				
					
						| 
				 Alfred Owen was an excellent salesman and 
				company ambassador. He often visited manufacturers to offer them 
				his company’s services, and gained an excellent reputation by 
				scrupulously fulfilling their orders. He realised that motorcar 
				production would become a national industry and so pursued his 
				ideas on improving the manufacture of chassis frames. In 1902 he 
				installed a hydraulic press to produce the first pressed steel 
				chassis made in this country, and two years later new workshops 
				were built to house the Motor Frame Department, under the 
				management of Mr. Albert F. Wilkes. In the same year the Fencing 
				Department opened. 
				
				  
				An advert from 1905, just before the name 
				change. 
				
				  
				An advert from 1908. 
						Alfred Owen was far more active in 
						the business than his partner. He clearly felt it was 
						time to renegotiate the terms of the deed of 
						partnership, and so talks between the two partners began 
						on the matter in 1903. After two years an agreement was 
						reached, and on 7th September, 1905 a new deed of 
						partnership was signed, and the firm changed its name to Rubery, 
				Owen & Company. In 1910, John Tunner Rubery, who was getting-on in 
						years decided to retire. He had no son to follow him 
						into the business, and so he resigned from the 
						partnership and sold his interest in the company to his 
						partner. It took Alfred Owen five years to pay what he 
						owed. John Tunner Rubery died in Walsall in 1920. 
						
				  
						Some employees in 1910. From the 
				spring 1948 edition of the staff magazine "Goodwill". 
						Alfred soon began to expand the 
						business and extend the product range. Because he saw an 
				increasing demand for bright bolts and nuts, and turned parts 
				for vehicle manufacturers, he added new machinery and plant for 
				their production, and employed both male and female workers in 
						the new section.  | 
					 
				 
				
					
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						The early factory. From a 1914 
						letterhead.  | 
						He also foresaw the development and growth of 
				the aeroplane, and so opened an Aviation Department to supply 
				manufacturers with parts. By 1911 the firm had issued a 
						small catalogue of metal aircraft components. In 1910 the product range included 
				structural steelwork, motor car and aircraft components, 
				pressings and fabrications, agricultural products, propane gas 
				cylinders, and nuts and bolts.  | 
					 
				 
				
					
						| Many of the larger machines at Victoria 
				Ironworks were made by a local Darlaston firm, Wilkins and 
				Mitchell. Alfred Owen was a friend of Walter Wilkins, the clever 
				engineer who designed the Wilkins and Mitchell machines.  | 
					 
				 
				
					
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						| Read about slightly unusual 
						Rubery Owen products from 1911, for water treatment. | 
						
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				 In 1911 Walter and Alfred conceived the 
				idea of a massive forming press to cold press vehicle chassis 
				frames, so revolutionising production. Chassis frames were made 
				from around 10 gauge steel, and until that time had been pressed 
				hot. Although several similar presses were in use in the U.S.A. 
				nothing on this scale had been attempted here. The 1,500 ton "upstroking" 
				hydraulically operated press, costing £2,000, was installed at 
				Rubery Owen’s Darlaston factory in August 1913 and became an 
				immediate success. It worked so well that it continued in 
				operation until 1970, and can be seen today in the car park at 
				the Black Country Living Museum. Plant was also installed for 
				the production of larger vehicle chassis, and for components 
				such as brake drums and rear axle casings. 
				In 1912 the success of the huge press, and the close 
				relationship between Walter Wilkins and Alfred Owen led them to 
				go on a fact finding tour of the U.S.A. to explore the latest 
				developments in machine tools. Walter had always been impressed 
				with American engineering and their seven week tour would 
				provide plentiful opportunities to examine the latest machines. 
				It nearly ended in disaster because they 
				booked their passage on a brand new luxury ship, RMS Titanic, 
				but luckily last minute business commitments forced them to 
				delay their departure. Had they not done so, the history of 
				manufacturing in Darlaston would have been very different, with 
				the possible loss of two of the town’s most important 
				manufacturers. 
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						| Thanks to the delay, they sailed on RMS 
				Lusitania and after arriving safely, visited many of the leading 
				American machine tool manufacturers. They also inspected some of 
				the factories belonging to the largest vehicle manufacturers 
				including Ford, General Motors, and Studebaker. 
						 As a result of 
				their successful tour, Alfred Owen conceived the idea of 
				producing vehicle chassis and other motor components for British 
				vehicle manufacturers at highly competitive prices. Similarly 
				Wilkins and Mitchell would go on to build competitively priced, 
				state of the art machines for the same manufacturers.  | 
						
				  
						One of the works bowling teams in 
				1915 with the A. E. Owen Bowling Cup. From the spring 1950 
				edition of the staff magazine "Goodwill". | 
					 
				 
				
					
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				 By 1912 there were five departments, each 
				treated as a separate profit centre: 
				Aviation, which included the 
				production of straining screws, eyebolts, clamps, bolts and 
				nuts, and engine housings. 
				Engineering where excavating machinery, steam and 
				electrically powered navvies, and conveyors were made. 
				Fencing, for fences, gates, railings, balustrades, signs, 
				etc. 
				Motor 
				Frames which produced chassis and pressed steel parts for 
				motor cars. 
				Roofing where steel roofs, railway station buildings, 
				railway bridges, aeroplane sheds, and buildings for all kinds of 
				industrial uses were produced. 
				The business had greatly expanded since the 
				early days, and so Alfred Owen now had to manage the business as 
				a whole, rather than look after the day-to-day management of the 
				individual departments. He also had his other business interests 
				to consider, having invested in other companies. He set-up a 
				staff council consisting of the various departmental heads, with 
				himself as Chairman. The members were: 
						Charles Guy (Roofing),  Henry 
						S. Price (Engineering), William Slater (Fencing),  
						William S. Stambridge appointed in October 1913 
						(Aviation), and Albert Wilkes (Motor Frames).  | 
					 
				 
				
					
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						The new offices. From a 1914 
						letterhead.  | 
						Also in 1912, new offices were opened, with a 
				canteen and Works Institute, and also a new factory entrance, 
						complete with clock tower. 
						 A recreation ground also opened on 
						a nearby piece of land, with bowling greens and tennis 
						courts to provide relaxation and 
				enjoyment for the workers at midday or in the evening.   | 
					 
				 
				
					
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						 The 
				institute included a billiards room, a reading room and a 
				concert room, which were greatly appreciated by the employees. 
						By 1914 the firm's main products 
						were: 
						
							
								
									| Structural steelwork,
				bridges, buildings, roofs, tanks, girders, etc. | 
								 
								
									| Excavating and conveying machinery,
				steam and electrically driven navvies. | 
								 
								
									| Water purification plants,
				bacterial treatment for town supplies, filtration and softening 
				for industrial purposes. | 
								 
								
									| Electric steel castings. | 
								 
								
									| Fencing and gates
				(ornamental and plain),
				tree guards, garden seats, etc. | 
								 
								
									| Black washers and light presswork. | 
								 
								
									Motor car and wagon frames
				(hydraulically pressed and rolled channel),
				hydraulically pressed axle casings, 
				brake drums, clutch drums, etc. | 
								 
								
									| Aeroplane framework,
				engine housings, cold drawn steel tubing, tighteners, eye bolts, 
				and all accessories. | 
								 
							 
						 
						During the First World War 
						manufacturers were required to concentrate on the war 
						effort by fulfilling ministry contracts. Rubery Owen was 
						in a unique position, being the only firm capable of 
						producing large quantities of small aircraft parts for the Government. 
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				The Rubery Owen office building in 2014. 
				
				  
				A letterhead from 1914. 
				
					
						| At the end of hostilities, the wartime ministry 
						contracts were terminated and the factory returned to 
						normality. In April 1919 the staff council, which was 
						set up seven years earlier became the Committee of 
						Management. In the same year the firm built a very large 
						steam excavator, designed by A. R. Grossmith for J. B. 
						Forder & Son's Pillange Brickworks, and the Engineering 
						Department was sold to the Wellman, Smith, Owen 
						Engineering Corporation. On Saturday 16th August, 1919 a 
						new Canteen and Works Institute opened on part of the 
						original recreation ground. | 
					 
				 
			 
			 
			
				
					
						
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						Expansion | 
					 
				 
			 
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